Synopsis: Until recently, the functions of small RNAs were unknown, due primarily to the fact that they are not converted into proteins. Now, researchers know that small RNAs, and microRNA in particular, play a key role in regulating gene expression by interacting with messenger RNA—either inhibiting mRNA translation, or causing mRNA degradation. Dr. Mollenkopf discusses his work with human immune responses to pathogen invasions and the involvement of miRNAs as a key regulatory mechanism. Listen Now