Mammalian Analysis
Mammalian Analysis
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Note: This is a review of the published article listed below. All information, quotes, figures, methods, and findings mentioned in this review are from that article, and are the property of its authors and/or the publication in which the article originally appeared.
The use of mammalian model organisms has enabled scientists to examine human diseases such as those related to cardiology, cancer, diabetes, behavioral disorders, and toxicology, without requiring human subjects during initial stages of drug and therapy development. These organisms have provided valuable information for elucidating disease pathology and mechanisms of regulatory control. Liu and colleagues (2006) profiled global gene expression associated with hepatocarcinogenesis (HCC) in adult male mice that was induced by in utero arsenic exposure. The group used the Agilent mouse oligo 22K microarray to confirm the hepatocarcinogenic potential of arsenic in adult male mice after transplacental exposure, and it also provided an opportunity for a genome-wide gene expression analysis. The 22K mouse chip array revealed several novel pathways and gene expression alterations associated with arsenic-induced HCC and in arsenic-exposed non-tumorous normal liver samples, which were not detected in previous limited gene expression analysis.
Figure 1. Altered gene expression in adult male mice exposed to arsenic in utero.
Significantly altered genes defined under criteria of > 1.5-fold difference and p < 0.001 were clustered for comparison. Arsenic-exposed normal liver samples and arsenic-induced liver tumors are compared to control livers. Red indicates increased gene expression and green indicates decreased gene expression. Clustering analysis of these gene alterations shows they generally occur in the same direction (increase or decrease) but are much more pronounced in arsenic-induced tumors than normal surrounding tissue from arsenic exposed mice.
Original Research Paper:
Title: Global Gene Expression Associated with Hepatocarcinogenesis in Adult Male Mice Induced by in Utero Arsenic Exposure.
Authors: Manara MC, Bernard G, Lollini PL, Nanni P, Zuntini M, Landuzzi L, Benini S, Lattanzi G, Sciandra M, Serra M, Colombo MP, Bernard A, Picci P, Scotlandi K
Journal: Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Mar; 114(3): 404-411.
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Canis familiaris: research cardiology, cancer, diabetes, behavioral disorders, and toxicology, using a 4X44K array with 42,000+ predicted canine genes
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Mouse Development: perform detailed functional genomics and gene discovery using a 4X44K array that is built upon the NIA Mouse Gene Index optimized for stem cell and developmental research
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Rhesus macaque: study human diseases, such as immunodeficiency virus and influenza, using an 4X44K array created collaboratively between Agilent and researchers at University of Washington
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Whole Mouse Genome: a broad view of the entire mouse genome that represents all known genes and transcripts on a 4X44K array
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Whole Rat Genome: well-known rat genes and transcripts, including homologues to human and mouse genes, on a 4X44K array
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Bovine: study bovine genes and transcripts efficiently using a multiplex 4X44K format array
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Rat (V2): study well-known rat genes and transcripts, including homologues to human and mouse genes, on a singleplex array
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Mouse (V2): study well-known mouse genes and transcripts on a singleplex array
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